ᱯᱟᱨᱮᱝᱜᱟ

ᱯᱟᱨᱮᱝᱜᱟ
	ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱨᱮᱝᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢ, ᱫᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ
ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱧᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
	ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ	᱙,᱔᱔᱕
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ
	ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢ
ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ
	ᱜᱟᱫᱟᱵᱟ, ᱵᱳᱱᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱚ

ᱯᱟᱨᱮᱝᱜᱟ (ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱝᱜᱤ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱟ) ᱥᱮ ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫᱽ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱠᱳᱨᱟᱯᱩᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱞᱠᱟᱱᱜᱤᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱫᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟᱨᱮᱝᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱴᱭᱟᱹᱨ

ᱯᱟᱨᱮᱝᱜᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, "ᱯᱮᱨᱟᱝᱜᱟ" ᱥᱮ "ᱯᱟᱨᱮᱝᱜᱟ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ "ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱝ" ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱛᱟᱹᱢ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱩᱜᱽᱲᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾^[᱒]^[᱓]

ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ-ᱡᱚᱲ gV-, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ -rum ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ "ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ" ᱥᱮ "ᱯᱩᱥᱤ" ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ (ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ: ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢ rumaŋ "ᱯᱩᱥᱤ", ᱜᱩᱛᱳᱵᱽ girem "ᱯᱩᱥᱤ")᱾^[᱔]

ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ

ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱦᱚᱲ

ᱯᱟᱨᱮᱝᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱠᱳᱨᱟᱯᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱱᱫᱚᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱢᱛᱟᱯᱩᱴ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ,^[᱕] ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱞᱠᱟᱱᱜᱤᱨᱤ, ᱠᱚᱲᱟᱦᱟᱱᱰᱤ, ᱥᱩᱱᱫᱚᱨᱜᱚᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱞᱟᱝᱜᱤᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱙,᱔᱔᱕ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱔,᱕᱓᱒ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱔,᱙᱑᱓ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾^[᱒] ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫᱽ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱥ ᱛᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱼᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾^[᱖] ᱯᱟᱨᱮᱝᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱫᱟᱵᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨᱼᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ "ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ" ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾^[᱗]

ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ

ᱯᱟᱨᱮᱝᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱼᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱳᱨᱟ–ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱞᱩᱜᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾^[᱓]

ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ

ᱯᱟᱨᱮᱝᱜᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ "ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱭᱚ" ᱟᱨ "ᱯᱩᱛᱩᱞᱤ", ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ "ᱳᱱᱛᱟᱞ" (ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱴ ᱵᱤᱧ), "ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱟ" (ᱥᱤᱧ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ), "ᱠᱷᱤᱞᱞᱟ" (ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵ), "ᱯᱟᱝᱜᱤ" (ᱜᱤᱫᱤ), "ᱠᱷᱤᱱᱵᱩᱰᱤ" (ᱵᱟᱱᱟ), "ᱢᱟᱪᱷᱟ" (ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ) ᱟᱨ "ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱨᱤ" (ᱵᱤᱧ)᱾^[᱘] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱤᱫᱤᱭᱟ᱾^[᱘]

ᱯᱟᱨᱮᱝᱜᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱟᱯᱟᱛ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ, ᱟᱯᱟᱛ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱟᱛ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱼᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱼᱜᱚᱯᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱮᱨᱟᱼᱯᱩᱨᱵᱷᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟ᱾^[᱘]

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ "ST-14 Scheduled Tribe Population By Religious Community". Census of India. Ministry of Home Affairs, India. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
1 2 "Parenga". www.scstrti.in. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute. Retrieved 9 March 2026. ^{[permanent dead link]}
1 2 "Perenga" (PDF). Academy of Tribal Language and Culture. Government of Odisha. ^{[permanent dead link]}
↑ Anderson, Gregory D. S.; Rau, Felix (2008). "Gorum". The Munda Languages. New York: Routledge. pp. 381–433. ISBN 0-415-32890-X.
↑ "Odisha State Tribal Museum | Parenga" (in ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2026-03-09.
↑ "Population Profile of Scheduled Tribes in Orissa: Parenga" (PDF). kbk.nic.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-02-26. Retrieved 2026-03-09.
↑ Sahu, Ananta Charan; Pradhan, Bibhutibhushan; Mohanty, Krishna Kumar (2010). Pāreṅgā jībanadhārā. Academy of Tribal Dialects & Culture.
1 2 3 Ota, A.B.; Patel, B.; Paikray, B.K. (2018). Parenga. Bhubaneswar: Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute (SCSTRTI).

[Cen2011-1] "ST-14 Scheduled Tribe Population By Religious Community". Census of India. Ministry of Home Affairs, India. Retrieved 15 October 2017.

[:0-2] 1 2 "Parenga". www.scstrti.in. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute. Retrieved 9 March 2026. ^{[permanent dead link]}

[Tribal_Museum-3] 1 2 "Perenga" (PDF). Academy of Tribal Language and Culture. Government of Odisha. ^{[permanent dead link]}

[4] Anderson, Gregory D. S.; Rau, Felix (2008). "Gorum". The Munda Languages. New York: Routledge. pp. 381–433. ISBN 0-415-32890-X.

[5] "Odisha State Tribal Museum | Parenga" (in ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2026-03-09.

[6] "Population Profile of Scheduled Tribes in Orissa: Parenga" (PDF). kbk.nic.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-02-26. Retrieved 2026-03-09.

[7] Sahu, Ananta Charan; Pradhan, Bibhutibhushan; Mohanty, Krishna Kumar (2010). Pāreṅgā jībanadhārā. Academy of Tribal Dialects & Culture.

[:1-8] 1 2 3 Ota, A.B.; Patel, B.; Paikray, B.K. (2018). Parenga. Bhubaneswar: Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute (SCSTRTI).

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