ᱠᱩᱞᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ
ᱠᱩᱞᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ
ᱠᱩᱞᱫᱷᱟᱨ | |
|---|---|
ᱟᱹᱛᱩ | |
| ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ | |
ᱠᱩᱞᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡ ᱠᱚ | |
ᱠᱩᱞᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ, ᱧᱤᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱞᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱩᱞᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱠᱩᱞᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ (India) | |
| ᱠᱳᱣᱚᱨᱰᱤᱱᱮᱴᱥ: 26°52′12″N 70°47′06″E / 26.87000°N 70.78500°ECoordinates: 26°52′12″N 70°47′06″E / 26.87000°N 70.78500°E | |
| ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | ᱧᱤᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ |
| ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ | ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ |
| ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ | ᱡᱮᱥᱚᱞᱢᱮᱨ |
| ᱩᱥᱩᱞ | 266 ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (873 ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) |
| ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | ᱭᱩ.ᱴᱤ.ᱥᱤ+5:30 (IST) |
ᱠᱩᱞᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱧᱤᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱡᱮᱥᱚᱞᱢᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ। ᱑᱓ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱣᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱢᱬᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ। ᱑᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱫᱚᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟᱫ-ᱟ, ᱯᱟᱞᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ, ᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ (ভূমিকম্প), ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱞᱚᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱮᱥᱚᱞᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱞᱤᱢ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ।
ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱩᱲᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱩᱞᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱩᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ (haunted site) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ।
ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱥᱚᱞᱢᱮᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ। ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱨᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱘᱖᱑ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ x ᱒᱖᱑ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱨᱠᱚᱬᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ external-ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ। ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ (mother goddess) ᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ। ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱰᱮ ᱜᱚᱞᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾[᱑]
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱜᱟ network ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ। ᱴᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱠᱱᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ। ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾[᱑]
ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ / ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱠᱩᱞᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱮᱥᱚᱞᱢᱮᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱢᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱣᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾[᱒] ᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱣᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ। ᱞᱚᱠᱥᱢᱤ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱽ ᱟᱜ ᱑᱘᱙ map ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱛᱟᱣᱟᱨᱤᱠᱷ-ᱤ-ᱡᱮᱥᱚᱞᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱣᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱢᱬᱮ ᱠᱩᱞᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ। ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱨᱤ ᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ᱾[᱑]
ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱓ ᱭᱟ ᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ (cremation grounds) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱮᱣᱟᱞᱤ (memorial stones) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾[᱓] ᱑᱓ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱮᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ। ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱴᱴᱤᱠ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱛ (᱖᱒᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱒᱓᱕ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱒᱓᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾[᱔]
ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱔᱑᱐ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾[᱑] ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱒᱐᱐ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾[᱕]
ᱞᱚᱠᱥᱢᱤ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱽ ᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱣᱟᱨᱤᱠᱷ-ᱤ-ᱡᱮᱥᱚᱞᱢᱮᱨ (᱑᱘᱙᱙) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱣᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ। ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱯᱤᱪᱷᱤ ᱓.᱙᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱔᱐᱐ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱮᱥ. ᱮ. ᱮᱱ. ᱨᱮᱡᱟᱵᱷᱤ ᱑᱗-᱑᱘ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱞᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱑,᱕᱘᱘ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱮ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ। ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱢᱥ ᱴᱚᱰ ᱑᱘᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱞᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱘᱐᱐ (᱒᱐᱐ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ। ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱣᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ। ᱑᱘᱙᱐ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱓᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ; ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱑᱑᱗ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾[᱖]
ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱮᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ। ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ "ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱣᱟᱞ" ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱢᱬᱮ ("ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱦᱢᱚᱬ") ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ। ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ "ᱠᱩᱞᱫᱷᱟᱨ" ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ "ᱠᱟᱞᱫᱷᱟᱨ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ। ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱩᱞᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱣᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱢᱬᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾[᱗]
ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ (sub-caste) ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱴᱨᱚ (clan) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ। ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ- ᱦᱚᱨᱡᱚᱞ, ᱦᱚᱨᱡᱚᱞᱩ, ᱦᱚᱨᱡᱚᱞᱩᱱᱤ, ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱜᱚᱞ, ᱡᱤᱥᱩᱛᱤᱭᱟ, ᱞᱚᱦᱟᱨᱛᱷᱤ, ᱞᱚᱦᱴᱷᱤ, ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱟᱨ, ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨᱚᱱ, ᱡᱚᱜᱽ, ᱠᱚᱞᱥᱚᱨ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱡᱚᱞᱟᱨ। ᱜᱚᱴᱨᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ- ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱟᱨ, ᱥᱩᱛᱫᱷᱟᱱᱟ, ᱜᱟᱨᱜᱽᱣᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱜᱳ। ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱢᱬᱮ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱞ (ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ/ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ) 'ᱜᱳᱱᱟᱞᱤ' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ। ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱣᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱢᱬᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱚᱫᱷᱟᱨ (ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ/architects) ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱢᱟᱜᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱡᱳ ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱱᱟ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ। ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱢᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱢᱬᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ/ᱜᱚᱴᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾[᱗]
ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱥᱬᱚᱵ (Vaishnavite) ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ। ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱥᱬᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱤᱥᱟᱥᱩᱨ ᱢᱚᱨᱫᱤᱱᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ। ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱚᱞ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱬᱮᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ। ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ (Nandi bull) ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱫᱮᱡᱚᱜ ᱞᱚᱠᱟᱞ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾[᱘]
ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱯᱚᱨᱛᱷᱟ / ᱞᱟ we ᱞᱮ use
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱫᱮᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱠᱩᱞᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱮᱨᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱚᱞ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱜᱽᱲᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱢᱟ (ᱞᱟ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱠᱩᱨᱛᱟ) ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱢᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱᱫᱽ (ᱯᱟᱴᱠᱟ/ᱵᱮᱞᱴ) ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ। ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱲᱦᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱦᱚᱴᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱡᱚᱨ (dagger) ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ। ᱢᱟᱹᱭᱡᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱦᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱴᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾[᱘]
ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ / ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ, ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱸᱠᱤᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱪᱮᱦᱨᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱤ (pottery) ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾[᱕]
ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱠᱱᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱩᱸᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ। ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ 'ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱤᱱ' (khareen) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱷ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ। ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱸᱡᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱣᱟᱨ, ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱴ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ। ᱠᱩᱞᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱒.᱕ ᱥᱠᱚᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾[᱙]
ᱠᱟᱠᱱᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱞᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ। ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ "ᱢᱟᱥᱩᱨᱫᱤ ᱱᱟᱹᱰᱤ" ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ; ᱵᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ। ᱠᱟᱠᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ (seasonal) ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ। ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱸᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱣᱲᱤ (stepwells) ᱛᱮ ᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ। ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱩᱸᱴᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱘᱑᱕ ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱛ (᱑᱗᱕᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ) ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱡᱽᱯᱟᱞ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱞᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱢᱬᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱣᱲᱤ (stepwell) ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ᱾[᱑᱐]
ᱫᱷᱚᱥᱚ / ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]᱑᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱝᱜᱤᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ ( deserted)। ᱒᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱞᱤᱢ ᱥᱤᱝ (ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱞᱤᱢ ᱥᱤᱝ) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱮᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱪᱟᱨ᱾[᱑᱑]
᱑᱘᱑᱕ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱩᱸᱭ ᱜᱮ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ। ᱑᱘᱕᱐ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱠᱮ native ᱵᱟᱣᱲᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟ ᱠᱩᱸᱭ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱩ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ। ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱥ. ᱮ. ᱮᱱ. ᱨᱮᱡᱟᱵᱷᱤ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱥᱚᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ। ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱪᱟᱥ-ᱵᱟᱥ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱥᱚᱞᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ (tax) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ। ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱣᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱞᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ। ᱞᱚᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱥᱚᱞᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱪᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱞᱤᱢ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱮ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ।
ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚᱨᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ: ᱑᱗-᱑᱘ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱕᱘᱘; ᱑᱘᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱘᱐᱐; ᱟᱨ ᱑᱘᱙᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ। ᱟᱫᱚ, ᱞᱚᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱧᱤᱸᱫᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ। ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱟᱞᱤᱢ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ। ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱮ ᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ। ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱧᱤᱸᱫᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ। ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱘᱓ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱤᱸᱫᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ।
᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱮ. ᱵᱤ. ᱨᱚᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱣᱟᱨᱟ Current Science ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱤᱥᱚᱨᱪ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱩᱞᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱣᱟᱞ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱵᱟ) ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ (earthquake) ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ। ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ। ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱥᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟ distribution ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱫᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ। ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱴᱮᱠᱴᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ( tectonic activities) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾[᱑᱒]
ᱧᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱞᱚᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱣᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱯ ( curse) ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱚᱴᱚ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ। ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ (paranormal activities) ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾
ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ। ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣᱟ, ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ। ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ Indian Paranormal Society ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱣᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱛᱤᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ। ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱑᱘ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱱ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱑᱒ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱤᱸᱫᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ। ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱢᱩᱞ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ, ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚ standard ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ।
᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ "Jurassic Cactus Park" ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ। ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮ Agent Vinod ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱴᱤᱝ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ। ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱢ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱵᱷᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱤᱵᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ। ᱧᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱳᱫᱷ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱴᱤᱝ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱷ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ। ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ। ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱢ Theeran Adhigaaram Ondru ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱴᱤᱝ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱩᱞᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ।
᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱞᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ। ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ Jindal Steel Works (JSW) ᱥᱟᱶ Public-Private Partnership ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ।
ᱯᱚᱯᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱞᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]- ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱢ Gupt: The Hidden Truth ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ "Meri Aankhon Mein Tu Hai" ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱞᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱴᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ।
- ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱨᱮ Kaalo ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱢ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ।
- ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱢ The Eken: Ruddhaswas Rajasthan ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱴᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ।
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]- 1 2 3 4 S. Ali Nadeem Rezavi 1995, p. 312.
- ↑ S. Ali Nadeem Rezavi 1995, p. 313.
- ↑ S. Ali Nadeem Rezavi 1995, p. 315.
- ↑ S. Ali Nadeem Rezavi 1995, pp. 313-314.
- 1 2 S. Ali Nadeem Rezavi 1995, p. 320.
- ↑ S. Ali Nadeem Rezavi 1995, p. 321.
- 1 2 S. Ali Nadeem Rezavi 1995, p. 314.
- 1 2 S. Ali Nadeem Rezavi 1995, p. 319.
- ↑ S. Ali Nadeem Rezavi 1995, p. 322.
- ↑ S. Ali Nadeem Rezavi 1995, pp. 321-322.
- ↑ S. Ali Nadeem Rezavi 1995, p. 323-324.
- ↑ A. B. Roy 2017, p. 404.
ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]- A. B. Roy; Harsh Bhu; Pankaj Sharma; Kishan Vaishnav (2017). "Deserted nineteenth century Paliwal villages around Jaisalmer, western Rajasthan, India: historical evidence of palaeoseismicity" (PDF). Current Science. 112 (2).
- S. Ali Nadeem Rezavi (1995). "Kuldhara in Jaisalmer State — Social and Economic Implications of the remains of Medieval Settlement". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 56th Session: 312–338.