ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟᱹᱱ
ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟᱹᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ: ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ" ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ [᱑] ᱾
ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]᱒᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱗᱐ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞᱮᱞ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ [᱒] ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚᱰ (Contraception), ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱜᱽᱣᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱜᱚᱞᱵᱟᱞᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ (Globalization) ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ (Manufacturing) ᱫᱚ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱴᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ [᱓] ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱞᱩᱜᱽᱲᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ (Service sector) ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ, ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱠᱮᱭᱟᱨ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱥᱴᱚᱢᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ "ᱜᱚᱲᱚ" ᱟᱨ "ᱥᱮᱵᱟ" ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ [᱔] ᱾
ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]"ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟᱹᱱ" ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱾ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱹᱱᱩᱡ (Part-time), ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱨᱟᱠᱴ (Contractual), ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱯᱷᱞᱮᱠᱥᱤᱵᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱵᱚᱨ" (Flexible labor) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [᱒] ᱾
ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, "ᱡᱮᱱᱰᱚᱨ ᱯᱮ ᱜᱮᱯ" (Gender pay gap) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱫᱟ [᱕] ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ "ᱜᱞᱟᱥ ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱝ" (Glass ceiling) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱥᱴᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ "ᱰᱚᱵᱚᱞ ᱵᱟᱨᱰᱮᱱ" (Double burden) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ [᱖] ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱫᱟ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱰᱤᱯᱤ (GDP) ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱜᱼᱟ [᱗] ᱾
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]- ↑ "Feminization of the Labor Force", ScienceDirect. https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/feminization-of-the-labor-force
- 1 2 Standing, G. (1989). "Global Feminization through Flexible Labor", World Development.
- ↑ Moghadam, V. M. (2005). "Globalizing Women", Johns Hopkins University Press.
- ↑ "The Feminization of the Service Sector", ILO Report.
- ↑ "Tackling the gender pay gap", European Commission. https://www.google.com/search?q=https://ec.europa.eu/info/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/gender-equality/equal-pay/tackling-gender-pay-gap_en
- ↑ Hochschild, A. (1989). "The Second Shift", Viking.
- ↑ "The economic benefits of gender equality", EIGE.